In a slight departure from CCGrebank, we do not use the special punctuation
categories (,
, .
, :
, ;
,
LRB
, RRB
, LQU
, RQU
) or the
corresponding punctuation rules. Instead, we give punctuation symbols real CCG
modifier categories that, unlike real modifiers, are specified for
→ clause type.
We combine them with constituents via application.
Sentence-final punctuation attaches at the top level via application. For example:
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S[dcl]
< 0
|
Application, not composition, is also used for imperatives:
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S[b]\NP
< 0
|
Puncutation, especially commas, often appears between a head and its modifier. The rule is then to attach punctuation to the modifier, e.g., the subordinate clause. For example:
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S[dcl]
< 0
|
A comma that appears immediately before a conjunction – such as the Oxford comma – attaches directly to that conjunction:
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NP
< 0
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S[dcl]
< 0
|
Commas before appositions are analyzed like conjunctions in → coordination. For example:
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NP
< 0
|
When a modifier such as an apposition or a VP modifier is surrounded by commas, the comma on the right attaches to the whole noun phrase, including the apposition and its argument:
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S[dcl]
< 0
|
Quotation marks surrounding a constituent attach in a right-branching fashion. For example:
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S[dcl]
< 0
|
A sentence that appears as direct speech is treated like a sentential complement. The quotation marks do not change its category. For example:
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S[dcl]
< 0
|
Other than direct speech, when quotes surround a linguistic expression that
is mentioned, the expression is analyzed as if it was used (even if it
is in another language), then the right quote gets a category that converts the
use category to the mention category (usually NP
). For
example:
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S[wq]
< 0
|
When a vocative precedes or follows an utterance, separated by a comma, the comma attaches to the utterance, but takes the vocative as an argument first:
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S[intj]
< 0
|